One page reflection essay based on experience Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page reflection based on experience - Essay Example ompetition instilled in us an aspect of self-confidence in all we did thus winning every match besides developing additional skills due to practising harder. This is because we aimed at ensuring retaining our position as the leading team during all games we played. Sometimes we lost, but instead of being discouraged, losing to our competitors made us go back to the drawing board to examine and analyse our weak points. By understanding where we went wrong, it became much easier to find the way forward. Competition built teamwork, which uninterruptedly lead to the success of the team. Basketball involves passing of the ball from one player to another whereby without teamwork this will not be effective because there will be aspects of unselfishness. The healthy competition in basketball instilled a winning attitude in us besides discouraging us to be out of our comfort zones. Determination and perseverance enabled us to achieve the victory we badly needed. However, initially it was not that easy on my part to join an already strong team. I had to prove my worth but with persistence not only I made it but turned to be a reliable player. Extending this aggressiveness in life, competition has always encouraged me to set higher goals than that of my competitors. Through the early sport, I learnt to admire my competitors and strive harder to beat them. Not by copying them, but by being more creative and innovative to outdo them. We should therefore embrace competition for the good values it creates in

My Summer Narrative Essay Essay Example for Free

My Summer Narrative Essay Essay Narrative Essay It was a hot summer day in the year 2002 when I went camping with my family in Savannah, Georgia. I will never forget this day because it’s the day I learned the lesson that if I don’t obey my parents the consequences will be large. I was only about six years old when we first pulled into the campground. Of course being a young child the first thing I noticed was this extravagant playground out near the road. When me and my sister, Natalie who was around seven at this time, saw it we both looked at each other and knew we were going to go play on that playground. We pulled into our campsite that was located near the very back of the park and our parents started unpacking everything and setting up the motorhome. They were making it obvious they wanted us out of their way. They grabbed our dolls, bikes and chalk out of the car and told us to go play. Natalie and I knew this was the perfect time to go play on the playground that we saw on our way in. It just so happened there was a playground right by our campsite as well. We came up with the perfect plan. We would tell our parents we were going to go play on the playground and trick into them into thinking we meant the one right near our campsite. In reality we planned on going to the big one near the front of the campground and not have to lie in the process. So we grabbed our bikes and asked our parents if we could ride over to the playground and play. They both said yes, so we rode off towards what we thought was the most beautiful playground weve ever saw. It was probably about a fifteen minute bike ride for us to get there. We dropped our bikes and ran to the playground and started playing. About a half hour passed when my sister Natalie decided she had to use the restroom. So she went around to the other side of the playground away from the road and decided to go. By this point we noticed there was this blue truck that drove past a few times while we were there. We began to get a little scared and thought maybe we should start going back to the camper. No sooner than we got back on our bikes our mom and dad came driving up with anger in their eyes. Me and Natalie knew we were about to be in some big trouble. Just as my parents got out of the car the man in the blue truck stopped and walked over. He started reprimanding my parents and told them they can’t let their kids run around without any supervision. He also said he was the manager and told my parents Natalie sed the restroom right out in the open. My parents apologized to the man and then made us apologize as well. The manager accepted our apology and told us we werent allowed back on that particular playground for the rest of our stay. By this point my our parents were livid and gave me and Natalie a 10 minute lecture about the dangers of them not knowing where we were and not bei ng able to see us. They grabbed us and our bikes and we headed back to the campsite. When we got back they took all our toys and our bikes and we were told we werent allowed to join any of the activities the rest of the week. That week my family went swimming, horse back riding and hiking. Natalie and I didn’t get to do any of it and our siblings made sure they told us after every activity how fun it was. It was a time I’ll never forgot. It seems everything seems so much more traumatic when you are young. I learned the lesson that I should obey my parents even if I don’t necessarily want to. I’m not saying there arent times I don’t go against their will; but ever since that day I think to myself and analyze if the rule that I am about to break is worth the consequences I’ll have to pay if I get caught.

Effect of Personality, Biases, and Organizational Factors in Management

The study of effective management reveals it is complex and can be a difficult balancing act even with training and experience. An effective manager needs to be able to lead and motivate their team while improving the organization’s standing and their own skills. Both conscious and unconscious factors may positively or negatively affect a manager’s success. A manager’s personality and biases as well as organizational culture and norms are just some of those factors. This paper will explore the effects of personality, biases, and organizational factors on the role of management utilizing the interview of, and the writer’s personal experience as an employee of, Chase Branch Manager, Regina Geis. Considerations The complexities of what makes an effective manager are numerous and have evoked many studies resulting in several theories. The main considerations that will be explored in this paper are personality, biases, and organizational factors. Five Factor Model. The Five Factor Model (FFM) is a widely agreed upon method for defining personality traits and will be used for the purpose of this paper. The five factors and the associated traits are: †¢ Openness to experience: inventiveness, curiosity, and adventurousness †¢ Conscientiousness: discipline, efficiency, and organization †¢ Extraversion: outgoing, energetic, and talkative †¢ Agreeableness: generosity, compassion, and optimism †¢ Neuroticism: pessimism, emotional instability, and negative emotions. Traditionally, these factors are measure by low to high levels in an individual. Only one high-level factor will be attributed to the interviewee once review of the interview is performed. Biases. Biases or heuristics are preconceived notions that are created through differe... ...., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J.B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management, 26 (3), 513–563 Pronin, E. (2006). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 11(1), 37-43. Retrieved from http://psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/pronin/pubs/2007%20Bias%20Perception.pdf Riley, S. (2005). Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation applied to the motivational techniques within financial institutions. (Senior Honors Theses, Eastern Michigan University). Retrieved from commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=honors Robbins, S. P., De Cenzo, D. A., & Coulter, M. (2013). Fundamentals of management (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN-13: 9780132620536

Baby dumping causes Essay

Increasing baby dumping cases all over the nation shown us this situation can be classified as critical social crisis, many factor will lead to this situation. The baby dumping can refer to discarding or leaving alone for extended period of time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the extent to dispose of the child. Based on the police statistic, it shown the increasing of case related to baby in this country driven to worried situation among the society. This scenario had been more serious day by day, despite there are lot of information by government or frighten by the mass media. Even though, more outcry by the Non Government Organization NGO and the public to compel stopping this loon action. In this case, mostly the teenager tend to contribute the increasing of the baby dumping cases, the elder community is also either passively or explicitly in this problems. In some case we can read on newspaper or listen on the screen of mass media baby dispose in improper manner by irresponsibly person in diverse conditions. A girl gives birth in a school toilet, the biological parent give a birth in the cheap hotel and leaves it in rubbish dump site and even worst coercion by their parent when they failed on consent to accept the baby as their descendent they rather throw the priceless gift from God than take it as a treasure. The baby diminishes in difference cruel ways, the way that can perceivably see by the people eye or may not. Sometime it is absurd to human mankind. Isn’t it?. One of the main factors is the dispute in family institution between family members, especially by their parent causing the child to be effected in this kind of situation. Even more, the crisis dragged in a long term of misunderstanding, fighting and unhappiness. The abruptly change in the family environment is not something easy to take in their mind compared with matured elders. It even worst when their parents decided to a divorce, while their kids still not ready to face the situation to loss any of them in term of love and protection. Start from this point, they may tend to find the difference ways to get all what they have lost, yes, the closest members is from their friend in their education groups at the some case wandering from online chatting that can easily found in diverse website. The feeling to rely all  the hope and soul toward the person likely in opposite gender without proper monitoring by the elders may lead to the risk with appreciation love of their relationship on the cheap hotel room bed or at any place reasonable for them. Another factor contributing the increasing of baby dumping cases is lack of knowledge education, either in moral side or in the religious side or neither of them is worst situation. Nowadays, we can see, as the centuries risen parallel as well as the education standard within the civilization, in positive side, it helping people to more understand about what is surround us. But in the others side, some of them especially teenager incline to be more independent with their act on what they gained in their education in school even higher education standard such university or college, furthermore, the teenager intend to try something different, or something new, this is the main aspect why most of the cases related to teenager problem happen in these day. For instance, by looking at the movie or any book contain unfiltered information. Without proper knowledge about it, they can easily influence to put a try or some just said, once only and never again, neglecting the consequences of their action, the minority of them really slick in manipulating the knowledge in turning it into their advantage side, the victim referred to women is in the inverse side, who lack in knowledge, make them susceptible to such risk. Poverty is also another factor that causes in child dumping scenario in this country. Poor society welfare system on who are not capable in financial of taking care child is more favor to dump the baby, this frequently occurred on adolescence in initial period to start the relationship or intend to have marriage. Political condition, such as difficulty in adoption proceedings, may also contribute to child dumping, as can the lack of institution, such as orphanage, to take in children whom their parent incapable to support, furth ermore, when the responsible society has failed to convince the people and make them realize the important to save the precious life of babies before it become plague in our community. Societies with strong social structures and liberal adoption laws tend to have lower rates of child dumping. Moreover, rape case can classified more baffling, it still happen in this millennium century, copying our ancient custom even conscience of human mankind repulse it. In some incest case it happen by among the family descent, now we can read in the front of news, the people we can trust most,  betray us in such that disgraceful manner. Or it may happen by molestation force of others culprit others than family members toward the victim. Subsequently, the victim are not willing to do that so, consequently causing them not to welcome the baby in their pregnancy. After the tri-semester of pregnancy of waiting they will be conducive to diminish the baby, claim it as blessedness child. The hatred to the culprit interprets to risk the baby life, by tendency to abandon it somewhere out of their sign. Psychologists believe the force by closest members or family can cause the drastic change of action and disturbing the human morality thinking. Even the initial instinct are totally object to their compel action. As a mother, it is hard to accept, if they are genuinely intend to act such that cruel activity, to dump baby after bring it in their pregnancy in almost three quarter of year. Even though, the small agitation and compulsion from the people around them distract or convince them to finish the life of innocent baby in such irritation mannerism. For instance, when the parent forces their kid to abortion the baby, afraid of the slander by the villager and their community surround. Either, intrude by the partner of sinful relationship to force them to terminate the baby life in any mean, to avoid their sinful action traced by peoples around them.

Macbeth Paper on Evil Essay

Macbeth is a real tragedy written by William Shakespeare for what’s presented is a morally significant struggle, one that attempts to engage our sympathies and understanding. In this dark and powerful tragedy, Macbeth is a part of several murders, including the murder of King Duncan of Scotland. Macbeth performs these murders after he encounters the weird sisters and hears the prophecy that he will one day become the King of Scotland. But although Macbeth was the one that was directly involved in every murder, there are other influences that have an impact on his pursue for the crown of Scotland and could be responsible for the evil done in the play. When Lady Macbeth first hears about the prophecy of the witches, she immediately plans Duncan’s murder because of her ambition for her husband to become king. The weird sisters, also known as the three witches, initiates the murders because they prompt Macbeth to murder Duncan with their prophecies that Macbeth will one day become the King of Scotland. But ultimately, Macbeth is the villain of this tragedy in view of the fact that he is accountable for the murder of Duncan and also orders his subordinates to murder Banquo and the family of Macduff. Macbeth is most responsible for the evil done in the play owing to the fact that his killing of Duncan provokes the other murders and evil in the play. Although Lady Macbeth is a part of the murders that occur in Macbeth, she is not responsible for the evil done in the play. Lady Macbeth is a very cunning, manipulative character. When she hears about the witches’ prophecy of Macbeth becoming the future king of Scotland, she immediately demands Macbeth to murder Duncan so Macbeth could become king. Lady Macbeth successfully persuades him to kill Duncan by questioning his masculinity. Lady Macbeth puts the idea in Macbeth’s mind that he will be a coward if he does not commit the murder. After persuading him, Macbeth finally commits the murder. Therefore, Lady Macbeth is evil for she pressures Macbeth into killing Duncan. But, she is not responsible for the evil done in the play. Although she is a strong, significant figure in the murder of Duncan, she begins to change through the play as she starts to feel the guilt and remorse for persuading Macbeth to kill Duncan. She ultimately kills herself because she couldn’t manage the guilt and grief for her involvement in the murder and seeing her husband turn into an evil, uncontrollable villain. Therefore, she is not responsible for the evil done in the play because although she persuades Macbeth to kill Duncan, she later feels guilt for what she’s done. The three witches are also not responsible for the evil done in the play. In the beginning, the three witches tells Macbeth his prophesy that he will one day become the king of Scotland. When Lady Macbeth hears about the prophecy, all she thinks about is her husband becoming king. So, Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth to kill Duncan in order for Macbeth to become king as soon as possible. If the three witches never told Macbeth the prophesy of him becoming king, none of the murders would have happened. Therefore, without the witches, there would be no evil in the play. But, the three witches are not responsible for the evil done in the play because even though they incite Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s desire for king, it was Macbeth who ultimately decides to murder Duncan, which causes the rest of the evil done in the play. Macbeth is responsible for the evil done in the play. Macbeth is more evil than the other characters because he is the reason why all of the murders in the play occur. He murders Duncan because of his evil desire to become the king of Scotland as soon as possible. â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.† (I, Scene 4, lines 57-58) This quote shows Macbeth’s great desire to become king and also shows how he is aware that his thoughts are evil. But, he does not do anything to keep himself away from these dark thoughts and he eventually commits the evil murder. The murder is certainly avoidable, but he let Lady Macbeth influence him. â€Å"This night’s great business†¦ sway and masterdom.† (I, Scene 5, Lines 80-82) This quote shows how Lady Macbeth has total control over Macbeth and how Macbeth put the power into Lady Macbeth’s hands. Macbeth could have told Lady Macbeth to stop her plans, but instead he gives all the power to her and eventually agrees with her. Therefore, the murder of Duncan is completely his fault because he lets Lady Macbeth influence him and commit the murder himself. Macbeth is also responsible for the other murders in the play because he hires three murderers to kill Banquo and orders his servants to kill Macduff’s family. Consequently, Macbeth is responsible for the evil done in the play because he involves himself in all of the murders in the play. Macbeth is accountable for the evil done in Macbeth because his murder of Duncan causes a chain reaction and brings about the rest of the evil in the play. Although Lady Macbeth has a notable influence on Macbeth to commit the murder of Duncan, it was ultimately his decision to kill Duncan and order the other murders. The Three Witches incites Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s desire for the throne of Scotland, but Macbeth’s decision to commit the murders ultimately brought darkness and fear onto Scotland. Macbeth is responsible for Duncan’s death, and that murder causes a chain reaction and incites the other murders. If he did not murder Duncan, there would not have been any evil in this play to start with. Ultimately, Macbeth compels to arise these evils, and it is his greed to blame. Macbeth is already known as a man of integrity for being appointed as the Thane of Cawdor, but his greed and avarice brings about the evil that he carries out. This relates to human nature because even if a man has everything to gratify his needs, his greed can demand for more, leading to trouble just like Macbeth. This demonstrates that if you only care about your own needs and always ask for more, you will be unsuccessful. As Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi once said, â€Å"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.† [Word Count: 1057]

A Synopsis of the Movie Fight Club Essay Essays

A Synopsis of the Movie Fight Club Essay Essays A Synopsis of the Movie Fight Club Essay Essay A Synopsis of the Movie Fight Club Essay Essay The film begins as Jack. the supporter. is trapped in a province of insomnia by his occupation at ciphering the cost of remembering a faulty auto as opposed to paying tribunal colonies to the relations of the people killed by that auto. He so recommends the 1 that seems less expensive. While he tries to reason with a physician about how he can get down kiping. the physician happens to do a sarcastic comment about how if he wants to see existent hurting he should travel to a support group for work forces with testicular malignant neoplastic disease. Jack takes this comment literally. It is at that place that he meets Bob. whom I shall depict shortly. Anywhere. he begins to happen the support groups addictive. and attends more and more of them. and finds that they allow him to kip. Soon after in the film we find Jack meeting Tyler Durden on a plane trip. and when his flat subsequently explodes Jack meets Tyler Durden in a saloon. Having agreed to allow Jack rema in at his house. Tyler asks Jack to plug him. He tells Jack this will do him experience that his life was so exciting. and Jack obliges. They begin to contend. and others begin to stand around. desiring to fall in every bit good. They gather together. protesting amongst themselves that society was seeking to turn them into wimpy and unvarying machines and forestalling them from experiencing like existent people. invariably stating them that they need to purchase all kinds of material that they merely need because the advertizements said they did. Reasonably shortly there are hebdomadal assemblages of these work forces. waiting for a opportunity to contend one another. and so they move into the cellar of a local saloon. More and more work forces begin to go to Fight Club with the express understanding that they would non advert it. and rumours begin to go around of Clubs in other metropoliss. Gradually Durden begins to do the Club more involved. giving out â€Å"homework assignments† such as to get down a battle with a alien and lose. Thus Jack finds himself watching as Durden institutes Project Mayhem. an outward effort at altering society based on widespread onslaughts on java franchises and corporate graphics. Finally Durden secret plans to blow up ten major recognition card companies. with the purpose that to wipe out everyone’s debt would make pandemonium. and allow society to re- form itself from that pandemonium. Many critics of the film found it to portray antisocial behaviours as a valid manner of showin g oneself. ( Particularly if merely the beginning and center of this film are looked at. ) They argue that its force is at that place simply to pull an audience. This is supported by legion cases of immature work forces and male childs vandalising autos as was done in the film or organizing nines of their ain. Therefore many say that the film succeeds in excusing what the stoping condemns. They say that it promotes force by doing it seem so attractive in sludge of the film. regardless of the decision. With this statement in head. we shall continue with our analysis of the film itself. One of the chief subjects in Fight Club is its intervention of force and its relationship with maleness. The work forces in the movie are portrayed as facing a society which gives them small significance and refuses to give them what they feel to be a birthright. a meaningful. productive topographic point in society. Tyler Durden. the leader of Fight Club and the manifestation of the angry. alienated. and purposeless feeling. articulates this. â€Å"We’re the in-between kids of history. with no particular intent or topographic point. We don’t have a great war in our coevals. or a great depression. The great depression is our lives. The great war is a religious war. We have been raised by telecasting to believe that we’ll be millionaires and film Gods and stone stars–but we won’t And we’re larning that fact. And we’re really. really. pissed off. † The work forces in this film. holding their traditional masculine function of breadwinner apparently denied by feminism and left with nonmeaningful corporate occupations compensate for this loss of maleness and control by re-affirming their maleness for themselves through the lone masculine behaviour they still can make: combat. Harmonizing to Jackson Katz: One manner that the system allows working category work forces ( of assorted races ) the chance for what Brod refers to as â€Å"masculine individuality validation† is through the usage of their organic structure as an instrument of power. laterality. and control. For propertyless males. who have less entree to more abstract signifiers of masculinity-validating power ( economic power. workplace authorization ) . the physical organic structure and its potency for force provide a concrete agency of accomplishing and asseverating â€Å"manhood† . Bob besides fits this description of contending as compensation for that sense of palsy forestalling work forces from being either a important portion of society or being able to alter it so that one can be. Through a combination of the intervention for testicular malignant neoplastic disease and of increased estrogen as a consequence of his steroid usage while a body-builder which Bob was left with remarkably big chests and left him with really small perceptual experience or himself as masculine or valuable to anyone. However. Bob subsequently appears in the film as a member of Fight Club. where he finds that one time once more he can move â€Å"like a man† and experience as if his malenes s is validated. Jack finds Durden’s averments that the work forces in their coevals have no other manner to show their individualism or to liberate themselves from philistinism than to contend each other. and to utilize their combat as a method of make fulling the nothingness left by the remotion of worthy functions for work forces in society. In the beginning of the movie Jack is utilizing mail-order catalogs. going so haunted with purchasing whatever he sees advertised in them that his orders become an terminal to themselves. I would toss and inquire. â€Å"What sort of dining room set ‘defines’ me as a individual? † He became so haunted with obtaining what he saw in the catalogs that he filled up his flat with furniture and all kinds of other material he didn’t demand. This seems besides to turn to the increasing averment by advertizements that you can be defined and given a psyche by geting merchandises. Durden besides spoke of this kind of rhythm: â€Å"Look at the cats in battle nine. The strongest and smartest work forces who have of all time lived - and they’re pumping gas and waiting tabular arraies ; or they’re slaves with white neckbands. Ad has them trailing autos and apparels. A whole coevals working in occupations they hate. merely so they can purchase shit they donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t truly necessitate. † He was touching to the bonds that a civilization based on acquisition has on its members. and ask foring these members ( viz. work forces ) to throw off the bonds and prove that they didn’t need a better dining room set to specify them. All they needed. he assured them. was to contend. and would demo their humanity and maleness through that. During another one of his calls about the male relationship with society. Durden one time came upon a interior decorator dressing hoarding having a muscular adult male in denims and no shirt. and criticized it much like assorted critics of ads which use unrealistic shows of feminine beauty to sell merchandises asked. â€Å"Is this what a existent adult male looks like? † After smearing it with blood. he proclaims. â€Å"Guys packing into the gyms. all seeking to look like what Calvin Klein says. Fight nine isn’t about looking good. † Susan Faludi. writer of Stiffed: the Betrayal of the American Man† calls this kind of â€Å"ornamental masculinity† a major factor in the â€Å"Angry White Male† outlook: The more I consider what work forces have lost–a utile function in public life. a manner of gaining a nice life. respectful interven tion in the culture–the more it seems to me that work forces are falling into a position curiously similar to that of adult females at midcentury. The ’50s homemaker. stripped of her connexions to a wider universe and invited to make full the nothingness with shopping and the cosmetic show of her ultrafeminity. could be said to hold morphed into the ’90s adult male. stripped of his connexions and invited to make full the nothingness with ingestion and a gym-bred show of his ultramasculinity. The empty compensations of a â€Å"feminine mystique† and transforming into the empty compensations of a masculine mystique. Douglas Rushkoff gives his history of the switch from a additive and uninterrupted universe to one that was non-linear and discontinuous. Before this switch. middle-class work forces were seen as valuable and benevolent authorization figures who were a pillar of society and who ever succeeded in conveying place nutrient for the tabular array because his work paid comparatively good. The society felt that there was value besides in geting as many new and technologically advanced ownerships as possible. which allowed for the work forces to guarantee that their married womans would happen it gratifying to use all of their energy at place. cookery and vacuuming and purchasing better things for cookery and vacuuming. In this manner work forces were given the great bulk of political power and regard. However. the consciousness of the corruptness in politicians ’ lives from Watergate. the national confusion after a state was able to watch Kennedy assassinated on Television. and perchance the most permanent of all. the first clip that ordinary citizens were able to see combat in Vietnam on the every night intelligence. making a much more leery mentality on the authorities and military. caused society to go discontinuous. The former male position symbol was gone along with continuity. replaced by gender equality which prevented work forces from utilizing the feminine mystique to their advantage. doing them less likely to hold a dependent married woman and household. They lacked that intending which they had when they were supplying for their progeny and mate. to set it in a biological construct. so their motive to work was mostly gone. with consumerism entirely unable to make full the nothingness. Their power holding toppled. the male now tried to make full this nothingness and turn out that he so was still a adult male for society. Consumerism was unable to make that anymore. and so the male organic structure itself. as Jackson Katz said. became the tool. This is shown by the movie. in which Tyler Durden efforts to destruct the discontinuous society which tells him that he should non hold this entire control. This is shown by his wholly anti-feminist mentality. peculiarly his meaningless sexual relat ionship with Marla Singer. â€Å"Except for their humping. Tyler and Marla were neer in the same room†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jack relates. Tyler besides describes a coevals of nonaggressive work forces â€Å"raised by their mothers† . that characterized his equals who grew up in a clip of increased divorce rates and in bend grew up without male parents. â€Å"The last thing we need is another adult female. † He gives ground to his masochistic battles and Burnss by stating that you could make hurting for yourself. thereby â€Å"hitting bottom† . He describes it non as a painful and agonising experience. but a turning point. where you are traveling to experience first-class after holding your dentitions knocked out no affair how bad your station in life is. And so Durden’s strategy to make pandemonium which would so get down society anew. Rushkoff would state. really was demoing that he was seeking to model society around himself. Meanwhile Jack in the terminal renounces Tyler’s thoughts of violent turbulence. alternatively make up ones minding that he would accept society as discontinuous and utilize its discontinuity as portion of his life. This movie therefore shows the advantage in non allowing what happens affair to you such as it would in a additive universe. Edward Herman’s perceptual experiences of the movie would be those of contradiction. mostly focus oning around the fact that the film is marketed and designed to do a net income. yet at the same clip it criticizes the thought that you need to purchase what society tells you to purchase and that material goods are unneeded to life. He might contend that the companies had realized that a capitalistic message advancing conformance doesn’t sell. and alternatively used and anti-capitalistic message of being disbelieving of what society and everyone else tells you to do an even greater net income ( much like Sprite’s paradoxical run which made merriment of soft drink ads. so told people to purchase Sprite ) . he would detect in short non that corporations so rejected themselves. but that they now make themselves even more effectual by allowing people pay to watch them feign to make so. My ain feelings of the film are that along with its messages on corporations and their relationship with the individuality crisis in American work forces is that it besides offered a batch of information on the ultimate job with taking force as a manner of showing maleness. This is particularly evident with Bob. who. managed to rediscover his manhood in Fight Club and in Project Mayhem. but was besides killed while porti on of the latter. Following his decease. he is spoken of by his companions as if he had neer been human. This is stating that to go portion of force unimpeachably despite perceived credence and intent is to trade one signifier of denial of yourself for another. Bibliography. Katz. Jackson/ authorization on phenomenon of force and its nexus to maleness and cultural tendencies making this phenomenon/ Ad and the Construction of Violent White Masculinity This article discussed the usage of force by white work forces as a tool to recover power they feel to be lost to other groups. Discuss overuse of portraitures of force and its symbols in advertisement. Faludi. Susan/ writer of Backlash and Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man. a conducive editor for Newsweek. â€Å"The Betrayal of the American Man. At Ground Zero of the Masculinity Crisis. The Cosmetic Culture. Beyond the Politicss of Confrontation† Newsweek. ( 09-13-99 ) â€Å"It’s ‘Thelma and Louise’ for Guys† . Newsweek ( 10-25-99 ) These articles discuss how work forces have reacted to the individuality crisis from their loss of occupation position and expresses that much of it comes from a modern image of manhood impossible to achieve and in the latter relates suc h phenomena to the movie. Fletcher. Kim. â€Å"Male Fantasies† The Spectator ( 11-20-99 ) Much like Faludi in that it concludes that movie is the consequence of male feelings of insufficiency in modern civilization turn toing the inquiry of how to respond. Rushkoff. Douglas/ writer of Media Virus and Playing the Future among others content take from extracts of Playing the Future This book describes the cultural development caused by the digital age and ensuing in following non-linear idea and in pandemonium mathematics. Herman. Edward/ linguistics professor at MIT. companion of Noam Chomsky â€Å"The Propaganda Model Revisited† from Capitalism and the Information Age This essay enlightens as to the function producers’ and reporters’ personal prejudices and more peculiarly of their desire for net income dramas in how the media portrays certain events or whether they even mention certain events at all. Braun. Bill. â€Å"Auto franchise vandal released aft er completing ‘bootcamp† . World Staff Writer concluding place edition ( day of the month non given ) This. among other articles. outlined or mentioned the violent and anti-social effects that the movie seemed to hold on the younger grownups and striplings. such as organizing their ain small battle nines or hooliganism. Uhls. Jim Fight Club screenplay available at hypertext transfer protocol: //geocities. com/scifiscripts/scripts/fight_- club_shoot. txt

Beautiful Mind essays

Beautiful Mind essays A Beautiful Mind tells the autobiographical story of Jonh Nash Jr. a distinguished professor from Princeton who went on to make some great theories and win the Nobel prize. The centerpiece of the story is the fact that John Nash suffers from schizopherinia a debilitating condition for the most people which leaves them helpless. It is amazing that Nash has been able Nash was in college trying to complete an orginal idea that his class mates wouldnt even think about. Nash felt that class wasnt any use to him, since he was a mathmatician. He would hang out with the same group of friends while trying to complete his work. He would talk to his roomate Charles about everything, while his roomate would try to influence him to try new He eventually graduates Princetion and is presented with a job at Wheeler, on the campus of MIT. He was teaching and doing small jobs for the government, but when hes called in to break a russian code, John Nash is swept away into the world of international intrigue and is presented with a top secret-mission to find codes in various magaizines and report back to his handler, William Parcher. Nash, Becomes obsessed with his work, always tearing through magazinesand delervering this cut out in a top secret envenlope in a mail box. Everthing seemes to be going fine For John, He has a girlfriend and his job is stable, but one day, everything falls apart. His cover seemily blown, John believes the Russians have discovered his work and have taken him to a secret mental institution. Heres where the plot takes a decidedly different turn and the movie starts to get really good. In actualiaty the institution was real and his friends have seen how John was acting different becoming obsessed and sneaking around. His wife at the time just thought he was ...

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Cottingham Richard Cottingham was a serial rapist and killer that used the streets of New York and New Jersey as his hunting ground in the 1970s. Known for being particularly cruel, Cottingham earned the nickname The Torso Killer because he would sometimes mutilate the body of his victims, leaving just their torso intact. Early Life Relocating to a new school in the seventh grade proved to be socially challenging for Cottingham. He attended St. Andrews, a co-ed parochial school, and spent a lot of his after-school time friendless and at home with his mother and two siblings. It was not until he entered Pascack Valley High School, that he had friends. After graduating from high school, Cottingham went to work as a computer operator at his fathers insurance company, Metropolitan Life. He stayed there for two years and then moved to Blue Cross Blue Shield, also as a computer operator. First Kill and The Family Man Cottingham abducted Carr  from her apartment parking lot, took her to a hotel where he raped, tortured, and murdered her, and left her body at Ledgewood Terrace. In 1974, Cottingham, who was now the father of a baby boy, was arrested and charged with robbery, sodomy, and sexual assault in New York City, but the charges were dropped. Over the next three years, Janet gave birth to two more children- a boy and a girl. Soon after their last child was born, Cottingham began an extramarital affair with a woman named Barbara Lucas. The relationship lasted for two years, ending in 1980. Throughout their affair, Cottingham was raping, killing and mutilating women. Killing Spree March 22, 1978: New York City- Kidnapped, drugged and raped Karen Schilt, age 31.October 13, 1978: Hackensack, New Jersey- Drugged, tortured and raped prostitute Susan Geiger who was pregnant.December 2, 1979: New York City- Tortured and murdered Deedeh Goodarzi, 23, and â€Å"Jane Doe,† an unidentified woman in her 20s. The two women were found in a room at the Travel Inn Motel Hotel, bound together, raped, tortured and murdered. Cottingham mutilated their bodies, removed their hands and heads, then set fire to the hotel room.May 4, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Valerie Ann Street, 19, was found at the Quality Inn Motel, naked, beaten, and with multiple cuts on one of her breasts.May 12, 1980: Teaneck, New Jersey- Drugged, beaten, and with several bite marks on her body, Pamela Weisenfeld was found in a parking lot.May 15, 1980: New York City- Jean Reyner, 25, was raped, stabbed, mutilated and strangled to death in a room at the Hotel Seville in New York City.May 22, 1980: Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey- Feeling invincible, Cottingham returned to the Quality Inn Motel with Leslie O’Dell, 18, where he raped, beat, tortured and tried to kill her, however, he was interrupted by hotel security. Finally Busted A search of a private room in Cottinghams home turned up various personal items linking him to his victims. The handwriting on hotel receipts was also matched to his handwriting. He was charged in New York City with a triple homicide (Mary Ann Jean Reyner, Deedeh Goodarzi and â€Å"Jane Doe†) and on 21 counts in New Jersey, plus additional charges for the murder of Maryann Carr. Courtroom Drama and Sentence During the New Jersey trial, Cottingham testified that since he was a child he was fascinated with bondage. But this monster who often demanded that his victims call him master showed no backbone when faced with the prospect of spending the rest of his life in prison. Three days after he was found guilty of the New Jersey murders he attempted suicide in his cell by drinking liquid antidepressants. Then a few days before the New York verdict he attempted suicide by cutting his left forearm with a razor in front of the jury. Ironically, this master of mutilation could not master his own suicide Cottingham is currently housed at the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey.

Compile a report evaluating how a National Governing Bodys Sports Essay

Compile a report evaluating how a National Governing Bodys Sports Equity Policy conforms to the guidelines set out by Sport England - Essay Example In order to eliminate the inequalities that exist within the sport traditionally Sport England has brought out the Equity Guidelines for the governing bodies which contains, apart from a five stage inclusion plan, specific advices on race, disability and gender to the effect that sports activities should be extended to all the people without any discrimination. The guidelines also deal with the provision of opportunities for ethnic minority communities, disabled people and women in sports activities. This paper envisages bringing out a report as to whether the National Governing Bodies formulated by the Sport England are following the equity guidelines prescribed by the parent body in the promotion of sports activities, specifically the National Governing Body covering the sport of Football (Soccer). It is an established principle that all the governing bodies have ethical, moral and business responsibility to plan and provide equal opportunities to a wider range of participants. Keeping this idea in view Sport England has issued guidelines governing the sports equity to be followed by the governing bodies. ... gender, and aspirations of all the different priority groups." As distinct from the 'equal opportunities' 'Sports Equity' covers a wide range of activities and issues connected with sports like participation and membership, service delivery, selection of voluntary committees and appointment of voluntary coaches. Sports Equity principles provide a number of benefits to the society in general. The Sport England Equity guidelines detail some of these benefits which are: Fair and effective employment practices to all segments of the society Enhancement in the revenue by increase in the number of members Provision of services to the needy customers and members Availability of an enlarged forum of professional assistance from able administrators, leaders. Coaches and managers Improved public image as a professionally organized and forward thinking organization Increasing the representation of all communities in the various positions of committees, volunteers, staff, management and executives 3.0 National Governing Bodies: As per the definition provided by Deloitte & Touche - Investing in Change p9 a National Governing Body is the one which carries out most if not all of the following functions: Sets out and implements the strategic vision and direction for the sport; Promotes the sport; Manages the rules and regulation of the sport, including anti-doping procedures; Manages the sports officials; Establishes and maintains links with the sports' international representative; Encourages participation; Develops talent, including elite athletes; and Organises and hosts competitions. 4.0 Stages to the Planning Process for inclusion of Equity Guidelines: In order that the Sports Equity Policies are effectively implemented the Sport England organization has prescribed five

Assignemnt in Communication in the 21st Century Essay

Assignemnt in Communication in the 21st Century - Essay Example Internet has redefined the communication with its far reaching implications. The phenomenal growth in the internet user database has not only necessitated formulation of new strategies and policies that would entail active participation of the people, it has also revolutionized the concept of selling by bringing the goods directly to the individuals’ home or office. Effective communication at all levels of office hierarchy is crucial for the challenges and productive outcome of the visionary goals of the organization. Communication through electronic mail or e-mail, as it is popularly known, has made it easier to disseminate information among office staff of various branches, thereby, making it easy for the management to keep them informed regarding every aspects of organizational vision, mission and daily progress. It is a fast and efficient tool of communication leading to quality management. Creation of bulletin board in official sites has become an effective organizational strategy encouraging frank discussion and reactions to company’s decisions and policies. These electronic boards have become extremely popular medium of assessing organizational progress and at the same time, they have been used to solve employee’s grievances in a more democratic manner. This has helped improved working relationship among the people and making cross cultural adjustments easier. One of the boons of internet has been the real time presentation or virtual conferencing which has emerged as an important feature of the internet. It facilitates virtual boardroom discussions with people who might be at different places in the world. Online conferencing is being widely used in medical area where specialists from various fields get together to perform virtual surgeries as well as interact directly with the patients thus eliminating the need for personal interaction. It has become a very cost effective and time efficient tool

Description of Beverly Hills Area in the USA Essay - 1

Description of Beverly Hills Area in the USA - Essay Example Collonaded buildings, lampposts of a vintage variety and exclusive brands combine to give the visitor a visual treat here. The place is regal in its bearing and this is conveyed through the elegance of the design that one finds in its buildings, its sidewalk and the very flora of the place. The plants are taken care of regularly and are pruned into exquisite shapes, exemplifying the idea of luxury and elegance. Rodeo Drive is known for possessing stores that deal in the most expensive brands of apparel, accessories, home furnishing and so on and so forth, in the world. This is also considered to be one of the most sophisticated shopping centres in the world owing to the high profile clientele that it attracts on an everyday basis. Individual designers have their stores here as well, resulting in a certain exclusivity as far as the clientele is concerned. On either side of the roads are visible the glossiest and most chic of vehicles that add to the charm of this area. This is only ac centuated by the colonnade-like line of palm trees that beautify the streets. Combined, a view of Rodeo Drive is absolutely breathtaking. One comes across several gardens as well in Beverly Hills. Exquisitely crafted fountains with rills of water emerging from spouts into a common stream can be found adorning these gardens. The plants that one finds here are both majestic and exotic. They are pleasing to the senses and evoke a pastoral scene found in great literature. The fountains are on occasion, crafted with marble and have delicate statutes placed atop them. One such garden is the Beverly Canon Gardens. This is a large park and has several fountains like the ones that have been mentioned above. These parks have several walkways too, for visitors (â€Å"Beverly Canon Gardens† n.p.). Here, nature and commerce intermingle and the results are, surprisingly, not detrimental to either. The Beverly Canon Gardens provides a breathtaking view of nature and the possibilities that i t offers, even in a busy life.  

Jewish Funeral Anthropological Research Paper Essay

Jewish Funeral Anthropological Research Paper - Essay Example For them, since we are all created in the image of God, life should be all about infinite value, â€Å"regardless of its duration of quality†. Anything that expedites the death of a person or shortens a human life is absolutely a violation to this duty1. The other end in a Jewish life continuum is that of death. As they safeguard life with supreme care, they also take death with valuable commitment in maintaining their duty of sanctity even in this difficult time. Death in a Jewish community is embraced with intricate ceremonies lasting for a period of time. The seemingly simplistic process of Christian death and its acceptance remarkably differs from the extremely complex process by which this community responds to the same social experience. Contrary to Christian communities’ ritual regarding death, Jewish communities give surety that rituals be carried out in accordance to Judaism religious beliefs which is always to set an example of holiness and ethical behavior to the world. Thus, whether in life or in death, the presence of a community epitomizing the Jewish â€Å"covenant relationship† with God is of prime importance. To honor the dead (kvod hamet), it must be buried at a shortest time possible regardless if a family member is not present to attend its burial. Anything that prolongs the physical body to remain above ground is considered â€Å"disrespectful and undignified† and â€Å"humiliation of the dead† (Khara, 2009). Moreover, it is necessary that the dead person must never be left alone from the moment he is considered dead until the time he is completely buried. Doing so is an apparent gesture of rendering utmost respect for the departed (mitzvah). From the moment a Jew dies, a synagogue will make the necessary arrangement for the whole ritual process. When a community is well organized, the services of a sacred burial society or Chevra Kaddisha are acquired in preparation for the burial of the body. It is a rule that in the

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA Essay

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA - Essay Example A number of analysts have pointed out that the reason why the church is losing followers is because it has remained faithful to the Biblical concept of secular life which has seen it go against the new social norms in the contemporary society. Contemporary issues such as homosexuality, contraception, divorce, single parenthood and abortion have seen the church lose many followers. Others feel that the church has failed to adopt relevant religious strategies of preaching to satisfy the contemporary society. The teachings of the church must meet the social demands of the people in the society today. In fact, the reason why the Catholic church continues to lose its followers is because it has failed to adjust its teaching to suit the emerging demands of society. It is an indisputable fact that the Catholic Church has been hit by a follower crisis in the 21st century losing most of its members and priest. According to the Week (2010, Para. 1), a US magazine, a National Catholic Reporter termed the Catholics loss of members as the â€Å"largest national crisis in centuries.† The US Catholic National reporter presented a statistical countdown of the loss that US alone has experienced since the year 1960. In a 2009 study, the church lost 400 thousand followers, 9 thousand priest and over 1000 parishes closed in 2008. Resultantly, over 3,400 churches are served by visiting priests as the population of priest decline to an insufficient figure. Currently, the catholic population adds up to the 1.1 billion which is much lower than the Muslim population which is now at 1.5 billion. On the other hand, the population of the protestant churches is growing as more people consider the protestant believe as more concrete and satisfactory than the catholic believe. This kind of population decline of Catholic followers has sent signals to the catholic leaders, among them the Pope, to rethink on the reason why the church is in a state of crisis. The reason why the Catholic C hurch continues to lose its followers seems to be a mystery that is yet to be unveiled. In a recent speech about the â€Å"exodus† from the Catholic Church, Pope Francis termed this trend as the â€Å"the mystery of those who leave the church† to express the worry of the church on the current crisis (Pullella, 2013, Para. 4). In his speech, he recognized the need for the church to walk with the people and to address the social problems that the people are experiencing in the contemporary society. One reason he identified as a cause of the exodus is because the people feel that the church has remained rigid in implementing its own formulas (Para. 5). In a world that is changing, rigidity is the only thing that a church that addresses the problems of the people can afford. Pope Francis recognized that the church has to address the secular issues that are threatening the survival of the church to maintain the loyalty of the people. The implication of the statement of the Pope is that to a great extent the church has failed to conform to the societal needs, hence losing its followers to secularism. The emergence of controversial social issues has seen the Catholic Church lose more of its members. One of the social issues that have generated a lot of heat in the social spheres is same sex marriages that many people today see as a necessary right. Kissling (2013, Pp. 5-6) points out that the Catholic Chur

Operations Management Issues and Proposed Solutions Term Paper

Operations Management Issues and Proposed Solutions - Term Paper Example The illustrated non-communication and cooperation by the networks and applications team is a recipe for disaster. This is in terms of failures in coordination of vital information on the performance of new products off the production line. There is an increased need to have more integration within work domains because of the high technical content of the subject that is interlinked and interconnected through IT (Brocke 198). A failure by one department translates to a failure by the whole production team because all departments are dependent on one another for success. This requires proper process monitoring and management to ensure comprehensive process management by basing these decisions on calculations of economic effects (Brocke 282). This should be done in an interactive manner ensuring that not only are the employees involved, but also the managers and stakeholders are involved to guarantee harmony in attitude towards the company’s goals. Perspective. The proper and eff ective use and application of IT in operations management is faced with numerous challenges that if not addressed sufficiently lead to erosion of quality operations. This is a concern that has been voiced by quality assurance departments within and without the company. This is because the effect of the breakdown in communication has been reflected in the quality of service and products produced from the two above mentioned departments. The nature of CAG Inc.’s business operations require excellent logistical support to ensure their services and products are efficiently delivered to their customers. Process management in the company is dependent upon the success of its IT in terms of application and utilization. Evaluation of the company’s communication capabilities and their... This essay stresses that changing the organizational structure of the company especially in production from vertical integration to horizontal integration will create both new opportunities and challenges for the company. In the context of this paper, changing from a vertical structural group to horizontal integration will work towards improving communication barriers within the organization. Horizontal organization empowers employee to make their own decisions and collaboration occur seamlessly. This paper makes a conclusion that advances in information technology have created more complexity and with it increased complications in defining costs and risks. CAG claims to be a technology company which employs high calibre and a technically skilled workforce. One of the proposed strategies is to consider building the system monitoring product in house with resources from both Information systems and technology groups. In order to proceed in this direction, the management needs to understand specific business processes and take into account strategic goals, external partners, and required systems support—all of which deserve thorough investigation. They also need to evaluate common business factors—such as project and business validation—before choosing the right solution approach. There are some inherent advantages to develop in house product like leveraging skilled workforce internal to the company as they tend to be cheaper due to IT department being a su nk cost.

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA Essay

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA - Essay Example A number of analysts have pointed out that the reason why the church is losing followers is because it has remained faithful to the Biblical concept of secular life which has seen it go against the new social norms in the contemporary society. Contemporary issues such as homosexuality, contraception, divorce, single parenthood and abortion have seen the church lose many followers. Others feel that the church has failed to adopt relevant religious strategies of preaching to satisfy the contemporary society. The teachings of the church must meet the social demands of the people in the society today. In fact, the reason why the Catholic church continues to lose its followers is because it has failed to adjust its teaching to suit the emerging demands of society. It is an indisputable fact that the Catholic Church has been hit by a follower crisis in the 21st century losing most of its members and priest. According to the Week (2010, Para. 1), a US magazine, a National Catholic Reporter termed the Catholics loss of members as the â€Å"largest national crisis in centuries.† The US Catholic National reporter presented a statistical countdown of the loss that US alone has experienced since the year 1960. In a 2009 study, the church lost 400 thousand followers, 9 thousand priest and over 1000 parishes closed in 2008. Resultantly, over 3,400 churches are served by visiting priests as the population of priest decline to an insufficient figure. Currently, the catholic population adds up to the 1.1 billion which is much lower than the Muslim population which is now at 1.5 billion. On the other hand, the population of the protestant churches is growing as more people consider the protestant believe as more concrete and satisfactory than the catholic believe. This kind of population decline of Catholic followers has sent signals to the catholic leaders, among them the Pope, to rethink on the reason why the church is in a state of crisis. The reason why the Catholic C hurch continues to lose its followers seems to be a mystery that is yet to be unveiled. In a recent speech about the â€Å"exodus† from the Catholic Church, Pope Francis termed this trend as the â€Å"the mystery of those who leave the church† to express the worry of the church on the current crisis (Pullella, 2013, Para. 4). In his speech, he recognized the need for the church to walk with the people and to address the social problems that the people are experiencing in the contemporary society. One reason he identified as a cause of the exodus is because the people feel that the church has remained rigid in implementing its own formulas (Para. 5). In a world that is changing, rigidity is the only thing that a church that addresses the problems of the people can afford. Pope Francis recognized that the church has to address the secular issues that are threatening the survival of the church to maintain the loyalty of the people. The implication of the statement of the Pope is that to a great extent the church has failed to conform to the societal needs, hence losing its followers to secularism. The emergence of controversial social issues has seen the Catholic Church lose more of its members. One of the social issues that have generated a lot of heat in the social spheres is same sex marriages that many people today see as a necessary right. Kissling (2013, Pp. 5-6) points out that the Catholic Chur

The mirror has two faces Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The mirror has two faces - Movie Review Example The Mirror Has Two Faces is about different views people hold about love,sex,relationships and marriage.The title represents how different insights are seen on the same topicwith the â€Å"mirror† being the topic of love and relationships and the â€Å"two faces† being the different views held by the characters of the movie,mainly Rose and Gregory. A mirror is supposed to be a reflection of the person standing in front of it, and the title of the movie mentions that it has two faces, most probably the person and its reflection, but these faces are not necessarily one and the same person thinking the same thoughts. Hence, the title makes one curious as to what it truly means. The characters’ ideas about sex, love, and marriage: The characters of the movie hold various perspectives on sex, love and marriage. Alex holds romantic views and showers Claire with affection to the point that it suffocates her. To him, he is like a romantic hero. Claire is so bent on using her beauty to attract men but when she gets them, she easily gets tired of them and is searching for another pursuit to keep her excited and interested. Hannah is kind of self-obsessed that to her, love should center on her own happiness and should boost her self-esteem. Henry is more down to earth and is a sounding board to Gregory’s ideas on love and sex and has a more grounded belief that a balance should be struck in order for a relationship to work, although he himself dates younger women not for their intelligence but mostly for their physical appeal. The central characters of Rose and Gregory provide the conflict in the story. For Rose, a romantic relationship should be fueled by passion and romance to support the deep love that the couple has for each other. They should know each other very well, including seemingly insignificant details and should be able to respond to each other’s needs even if help is not solicited. Gregory, on the other hand, burned severa l times from his previous romantic relationships, believe that sex complicates matters. He believes that relationships based on romantic love and physical attraction are worthless because it creates illusions that eventually end up disappointing people because they cannot keep up to the expectations of each other. Where the chief characters are on their relationship journey. The Whiteheads describe marriage both as an institution and as a journey. In the movie, marriage as an institution was not clearly agreed upon by the characters and was not depicted in such a way that it is a solid, immovable establishment. Instead, it would be more appropriate to describe the main characters’ marriage as a journey of friendship gone backwards. Theirs was founded on a deep friendship without the physical affection most man-woman relationships share even before marriage. Gregory claims that they are lucky to have reached their level of relationship to have skipped sexual tension and have g one straight to a meeting of minds and hearts. On the other hand, Rose thought differently. For her, the journey was just beginning and sexual intimacy is a necessary part of the journey towards the marital union, in the truest sense of the word. After they have cleared things with each other of what to expect from their marriage and are now looking at the same road and destination, they anticipate a smoother journey together with all the necessary ingredients to make their marriage stronger. The styles of communication & conflict used by the couples. It has always been known that communication is a key to successful relationships. In the movie, there were various communication styles that reflected the views of the characters. There were scenes wherein Gregory would voice out his passionate beliefs in his theories about a sexless relationship because it does not complicate matters and elevates the relationship to a higher level of respect, trust, admiration. Rose cannot put one wor d in. Because Rose was in love with Gregory, she tried to accept his beliefs, shunning aside her

Summary Industrial Organization Essay Example for Free

Summary Industrial Organization Essay A perfectly competitive industry has 6 main characteristics: 1) large number of buyers and sellers 2) producers and consumers have perfect knowledge 3) the products sold by firms are identical 4) firms act independently and aim at maximizing profits 5) no entry or exit barriers 6) firms can sell as much output as they want at the current market price NEOCALSSICAL THEORY: Static conception, focus on long-run According to Schumpeter and the Austrian School, the fact that a firm earns an abnormal profit (monopoly) profit does not constitute evidence that the firm is guilty of abusing its market(monopoly) power at the expense of consumer: entrepreneur, creative destruction monopoly status is only a temporary phenomenon competition is a dynamic process Disequilibrium reflects imperfect information or ignorance on the part of buyers and sellers!! Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) Paradigm Structure is the central element. It influences conduct which in turn has an effect on the performance STRUCTURE Number and size of firms, entry conditions, product differentiation, vertical integration, diversification; fixed int he short-run CONDUCT Business objectives, pricing, design and branding, advertising and marketing, RD, collusion, merger; refers to the behaviour of a firm PERFORMANCE Profitability, growth, quality of products and services, technological service, productive and allocative efficiency; Chicago School about abnormal profit: causes may be cost advantage and superior efficiency STUDY CASE: EUROPEAN BANKING To prevent from damaging implications for consumer welfare, there can be interventions of the government. The government policy is regulatory intervention to promote competition and prevent abuses of market power preventing a horizontal merger, break up of a large incumbent producer price controls, punishment of unlawful collusions The Chicago School is a group of prominent academic lawyers and economists, whose promarket, pro-competition and anti-government views were perhaps of their most influencial during the 1970’s and 80’s Critics of the SCP Paradigm the theory does not always specify precise relationships between S, C, P variables it is often difficult to decide which variables belong to which category performance is only some measure of the degree of success in achieving desired goals the definition of market or industry structure has a number of dimensions danger of overemphasizing the role of concentration little comprehensive information is available on more subtle aspects of market structure and essentially no systematic data aside from accounting profit rates is available on conduct and performance relationships are oftein quite weak in terms of statistical significance no explanation is offered as to the evolution of the market structure variables, and the influence of the current co nduct and performance on future structure according to the collusion hypothesis, a positive association between concentration and profitability was interpreted as evidence of collusion or other abuses of market power designed to enhance profit according to the efficiency hypothesis (Chicago), a positive relationship between concentration and profitability reflects a natural tendency for efficient firms to be successful and to become dominant in their industries Strategic management: 5 forces model 1) Extent and intensity of competition 2) Threat of entrants 3) Threat of substitute products and services 4) Power of buyers 5) Power of suppliers Porter’s approach: static, underemphasises the problem of uncertainty caused by change in the competitive environment, competitive advantage is measured by the value the firm is able to create in excess of its costs, Porter introduces the concept of the value chain, which disaggregates the firm into its strategically relevant activities: Primary activities (physical creation of produt/service), Support activities (support primary activities and each other) each activity is linked to another, this approach examines how these links can be improved in order to increase margins on each of the firm’s products Kay argues that each individual firm is inherently different, and therefore dismisses the notion of generic strategies. Instead, firms develop distinctive capabilities in an ettempt to achieve competitive advantage. This shift away from analyzing the characteristics of the environment, and towards examining each firm’s unique attributes strategies mirrors the shift of emphasis away from structure and towards conduct that is imlicit in much of the NIO literature. Sources of distinctive capabilities: Innovation, architecture, reputation determinants of performance Firms can only maintain a competitive advantage if they can protect their strategies from imitation The strategic management approach has been criticized for placing insufficient emphasis on the interaction between firms at the level of the market or industry. Instead, the focus is mainly on strategic options available to the firm. †¢ Chapter 2: Microeconomic foundations: The short-run relationships between inputs, outputs and production cost is governed by the law of diminishing returns, and the long-run relation is governed by economies or diseconomies of scale!! The Production Function: q=f(L,K) inthe short run labor is variable but capital is fixed!!! Law of Diminishing Returns: As increasing quantities of labor are used in conjunction with a fixed quantity of capital, eventually the additional contribution that each successive unit of labor makes to total output starts to decline Marginal Product of Labor (MPL): It is the qunatity of additional output the firm obtains by employing an additional worker. Average Product of Labor (APL): It is the ratio of total output to quantity of labor employed. It is important to notice that APL is increasing whenever MPLAPL and APL is decreasing when MPL2f(L,K) f(2L,2K)=2f(L,K) f(2L,2K)1 price elastic sensitive quantity PED =1 unit price elasticity PED 0 for substitutes, 2: more weight to larger firms if for above average performers. †¢ Business unit effects form low performers o The new empirical industrial organization. The new empirical industrial organization shifts the focus from structures analysis to conduct analysis. It is grounded firmly in microeconomic (oligopoly) theory. NeIO makes direct observations of conduct in specific industries, and draws inferences about what these observed patters of conduct might mean for structure. The Rosse-Panzar revenue test is based on empirical observation of the impact on firm-level revenues of variations in the prices of the factors of production that are used as inputs in the production processes of a group of competing firms. The H-statistic is defined as sum of elastic ties if a firm’s total revenue w.r.t. each of its factor input prices. It differs under perfectly competitive, imperfectly competitive and monopolistic market conditions. See page 336 for graphs. If H = 1 conduct perfect competition If H O conduct monopoly If 0 H 1 conduct imperfect competition Empirical evidence: †¢ Commonly, price-setting behaviour in accordance with intermediate competition models is detected. Limits: †¢ Offers a determination of only what the market structure of degree of monopoly is not, and does not suggest what it is. o The persistence of profit Persistence of profit approach examines the time-series behaviour of firm-level profit dates. It suggest: profitability in more profitable industries tends to fall and profitability in less profitable industries tends to rise. tendency for profit rates to converge. supports the disequilibrium hypothesis. Firm level studies suggest there are significant differences between firms in long run equilibrium profit rates, and differences in the speed of convergence. Industry level studies: †¢ If current profitability is higher than expected, entry should take place causing profitability to fall and v. v. the empirical results suggest the process of adjustment towards l.r. equilibrium takes about four years. Industry level variables such as entry barriers, concentration and growth in demand determine the speed of adjustment. There is evidence of a tendency for profitability to persist, especially in highly concentrated industries. †¢ Firm level studies: o If competition is anything less then perfect, and there are barriers to entry, it may take some time for any abnormal profit to be eroded. s.r. profit persistence. o L.r. profit persistence: where there are barriers to entry, there no convergence of firm level rates towards a common l.r. average value. If some firms posses and are able to retain specialized knowledge or other advantage, theses firms may be able to earn profits that remain above the norm persistently, in the long run. o L.r. persistence refers to the degree of variation between firms in the l.r. average profit rates no convergence (empirical result) Part 3: analysis of firm strategy: †¢ Chapter 10: Pricing: o Critic of neoclassical theory: do firms have enough information to apply the profit maximization rule MR = MC? o Cost plus pricing Under cost plus pricing, the firm calculates or simply estimates its AVC and then sets it price by adding on a percentage mark-up that includes a contribution towards the firm’s fixed costs and a profit margin. P = (1+m)AVC This is simple to understand and can be implemented using less information. AVC is relatively flat over a relevant range of output levels; minor variations in the level of demand need not lead to changes in price. So it reduces consumer’s search costs and also reduces destructive price competition. The mark up determination appeals to a sense of fairness. Otherwise it is not simply implemented for a multiproduct firm. The wide-spread use of cost plus pricing might suggest it as a convenient rule of thumb form firms that are really profit maximizers- cost plus pricing is equivalent to profit maximization pricing if AVC is approximately constant, and the mark up is set to a value of 1/(PED/1). Research showed that firms where more profit oriented where competition was more intense and also large firms turned out to be more likely profit maximizing. o Price discrimination A firm that enjoys some degree of market power might consider adopting a more complex pricing policy, for example to sell at different prices to different consumers. First degree price discrimination: †¢ Perfect price discrimination involves making the price per unit of output depend on the identity of the purchaser and on the number of unit purchased. Second degree price discrimination: †¢ Involves making the price per unit of output depend on the number of units purchased. Third degree price discrimination: †¢ Involves making the price per unit depend on the identity of the purchase. The term dumping describes the practice of charging a lower price to consumers in poorer countries than to charge in richer countries. Two conditions: †¢ Some degree of market power and the market has to be divisible into sub-markets different demand conditions, no trade or resale, significant transport costs can also help to achieve an effective physical separation of sub-markets. First degree: †¢ Each consumer’s reservation price is the max. price the consumer is willing to pay. The monopolist can exploit the differences in willingness to pay by charging each consumer high or her own reservation price. It is worthwhile for the monopolist to supply all consumers whose reservation price exceeds the monopolists marginal costs. It is also possible that if reductions in the prices of further units are offered, that the consumer is induced to buy three, four †¦ units. Another way to abtain surplus is to charge a two-part tariff: uniform additional price + fixed fee. In this form of pr. Discr. Producers earn an abnormal profit, there is no CS and there is no DWL. It is known as perfect price discrimination because all the available surplus is extracted by monopolists. †¢ Page 360 Second degree: †¢ In the case where the monopolist cannot distinguish between consumer, the best policy is to offer the same menu of prices and quantities to all and allow the consumers to self select. †¢ Page 362 †¢ If the monopolist sets a fixed fee slightly lower than PCAF, and charging a uniform price per unit slightly higher than PC, he can gain additional PS †¢ With Pc + P the fixed fee is reduced from WXY to W. †¢ Here the producer cannot extract all of the surplus. So first degree price discrimination (perfect information about consumer preferences) is more profitable than second degree (imperfect information) Third degree: †¢ Here the price per unit that each consumer pays is constant, but the monopolist can segment the market by offering different prices to different consumers. Partial market segmentation is achieved through age, membership, gender, profession etc. †¢ The monopolist should select the price quantity combination for each sub-market at monopolistic output. †¢ One price will always be higher and the other price lower than the uniform monopoly price in the non discriminating case. Consumers in the sub market with the lower price have more CS and are always better off than in the non-discriminating case. †¢ Examples: o With intertemporal price discrimination, the supplier segments the market by the point in time at which the product is purchased by different groups of consumers. Each consumer is willing to make his purchase in one of the two periods. (page 369). But: Coase: consumers may learn that prices will be cut and wait with purchasing. o Brand labels: do not really represent pr. Discr. More products are different because of genuine product characteristics. o Loyalty discount: 2nd degree pr. Disc. o Coupons: some from but connected with effort o Stock clearance: some form o Free on board pricing same prices neglecting different costs in different areas. o Peak-load pricing Much of the theoretical literature on peak load pricing is based on an assumption of social welfare maximization. When a peak-load pricing problem exists, often capacity cannot be adjusted. Page 372 The optimal price for each period is the total marginal cost incurred through the installation of additional capacity and the additional production in both periods minus the price charged in the other period. The peak-period consumers, whose demand or willingness to pay is stronger are charged a higher price than the off-peak consumers. MC of installing additional capacity is lowered to B’. Chapter 11: Auctions: o Auction formats, and models of bidder valuation An auction is a market mechanism for converting bids from market participants into decisions concerning the allocation of resources and prices, though a specific set of rules. price formation under conditions of uncertainty, asymmetric information and interdependence. There are four basic auction formats providing the cornerstone for the economic theory of auctions. The English auction (ascending bid auction) involves the price being set initially low and then raised successively until a level is reached which only one bidder is willing to pay. The Dutch auction (descending bid auction) works in the opposite way. In the first price sealed bid auction, each bidder independently submits a single bid, without seeing the bids submitted by other bidders. The highest wins and pays. The second price sealed bid auction (vickrey auction) works similar as the first prices sealed bid auction, but here the highest bidder gets the item and pays a price equal to the second highest bid. Asymmetric information means that seller and buyers typically do not have perfect information concerning the distribution of bidders valuations of the item being auctioned. There are also two alternative assumptions: †¢ In the pure common value model, the item is a single, intrinsic value that is the same for all bidders, but nobody knows the true value. †¢ In the independent private values model, each bidder knows the true value of the item to himself personally. no single value †¢ The affiliated valuation model includes elements of both. o The pure common value model and the winner’s curse The winner’s curse appears to be a rather common feature of many auctions in which bidders valuations conform to the pure common value model. It is very likely that the winning bidder, with the highest private estimate has overvalued the item. The winning bidder is very likely to turn out to be a loser, in the sense of having overpaid the item. Two possible estimates of the true value: a) original private estimate unconditional. b) revised estimate (knowing other valuations) conditional. In order to avoid the winners curse, the sealed bid should be based on a revised estimate, conditional on the bidder’s original estimate being the highest estimate. In fact, in a first price sealed bid auction, it pays to submit a bid some distance below the bidders opinion as to the true value. o Optimal bidding strategies and revenue equivalence in the independent private values model. Assumptions: private values are randomly drawn from a uniform distribution. Risk neutrality of the bidders. The English auction: †¢ Withdraw as soon as the price equals or exceeds the private value. You gain a rent equal to the difference between private value and winning bid, or nothing. Second price sealed bid auction: †¢ A bidder’s optimal bidding strategy is to enter a bid equivalent to his or her own private value. By raising your bid, you can only lose, you cannot possibly gain. The rival’s bid determines the price you would have paid if you had bid your private value. Therefore by lowering your bid you have forfeited an opportunity to buy the item for less than your private value. †¢ English and second price auctions can be described as strategically equivalent when everybody behaves rationally. In the terminology of game theory it is in both cases a dominant strategy. First price sealed bid auction: †¢ It pays to submit a bid that is below your own private value. †¢ Page 396: o P(0) = 0 o P(B) is and increasing function of B. The higher the bid, the higher P(B) to win. o P(B) is a decreasing function of l. The higher the number of bidders, the lower P(B) to win. †¢ By reducing the submitted bid below BH =Vi, bidder i gains by committing to pay a lower price, but also loses by accepting a lower P(B) of winning. The position of the P(B) curve depends on the bidding strategies of the bidders. †¢ Nash equilibrium’s optimal bid: ((N-1)/N) * Vi †¢ As the number of N increases, the optimal bid approached the bidder’s private value. Dutch auction: †¢ Wait until the price has fallen a certain amount below the private value. gain a positive rent. By allowing the price to drop, you can only gain and you cannot lose. Bidder I should bid when the price reaches ((N-1)/N) * Vi. So, also the two last auctions types are strategically equivalent. The revenue equivalence theorem: †¢ All four auctions formats are expected to yield exactly the same price to seller on average. The seller is expected price is always the expected value or expectation of the second highest private value (page 399). Sellers expected proceeds: o E(V2) = (N-1)/(N+1) †¢ It is important to remember that the revenue equivalence theorem relies heavily on the independent private values assumption. Evidence is rather limited o Extensions and additional topics in auction theory. To ensure a certain price for the seller, he can introduce a rule that the item is not sold if the price payable by the winning bidder does not at least match (or exceed) a reserve price. It can be shown that it is optimal for the seller to set a reserve price that is higher than his own private value. Inefficient allocation of resources can be consistent with the maximization of the seller private proceeds. The optimal reserve price does not depend on the number of bidders. The price should not be too high, because then the item won’t be sold anymore. Risk averse bidders: †¢ In an English auction, risk aversion makes no difference to the optimal bidding strategy. In a Dutch auction, in contrast, risk aversion causes the bidder to call out earlier. Therefore the revenue equivalence theorem breaks down if bidders are risk averse (Dutch auction yields higher profit for the seller). In a second price auction, risk aversion causes nothing to change. In a first price sealed bid auction, risk averse bidders tend to bid closer to their private values than risk neutral bidders theorem brakes down again. †¢

Properties Of Distributed Systems Information Technology Essay

Properties Of Distributed Systems Information Technology Essay A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a computer network. The computers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs. Distributed computing also refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational problems. In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one computer The word distributed in terms such as distributed system, distributed programming, and distributed algorithm originally referred to computer networks where individual computers were physically distributed within some geographical area. The terms are nowadays used in a much wider sense, even referring to autonomous processes that run on the same physical computer and interact with each other by message passing. While there is no single definition of a distributed system, the following defining properties are commonly used: There are several autonomous computational entities, each of which has its own local memory. The entities communicate with each other by message passing. A distributed system may have a common goal, such as solving a large computational problem. Alternatively, each computer may have its own user with individual needs, and the purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication services to the users. Other typical properties of distributed systems include: The system has to tolerate failures in individual computers. The structure of the system (network topology, network latency, number of computers) is not known in advance, the system may consist of different kinds of computers and network links, and the system may change during the execution of a distributed program. Each computer has only a limited, incomplete view of the system. Each computer may know only one part of the input. PROPERTIES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS So far the focus has been on designing a distributed system that solves a given problem. A complementary research problem is studying the properties of a given distributed system. The halting problem is an analogous example from the field of centralised computation: we are given a computer program and the task is to decide whether it halts or runs forever. The halting problem is undecidable in the general case, and naturally understanding the behaviour of a computer network is at least as hard as understanding the behaviour of one computer. However, there are many interesting special cases that are decidable. In particular, it is possible to reason about the behaviour of a network of finite-state machines. One example is telling whether a given network of interacting (asynchronous and non-deterministic) finite-state machines can reach a deadlock. This problem is PSPACE-complete,[39] i.e., it is decidable, but it is not likely that there is an efficient (centralised, parallel or distributed) algorithm that solves the problem in the case of large networks. SECURITY ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS In the contemporary society, distributed systems have a significant impact on how communication between social, industrial and governmental institutions is achieved. Dealing with the complexity, heterogeneity and dynamics of distributed systems is absolutely among the main concerns of the software industry. In the Internet era, the distribution of information and services on different sites is a common and dominant scenario. Hence, accessing information and services on remote sites requires high-level of system quality: acceptable response time (at least à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"near real-timeà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ); and security mechanisms. These aspects require inherent adaptation of the system to changes in the environment. In the case of ADSs, the challenge to maintain system quality is even greater. In general, security issues in distributed information systems, whether adaptive or not, is already a serious concern. There are many types of threats, among them those occurring during communication and those in the form of unauthorized attempts to access stored information. Solutions proposed to address these problems in distributed systems may contribute to the implementation of security mechanisms in ADSs. On the other hand, if a token ring is used to achieve mutual exclusion in data communication, then a loss of token might be a result of unauthorized monitoring of the token, which is a direct consequence of the distributed system being adaptive and having monitoring component. Moreover, data resubmission might be requested by authorized parties that couldnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t receive the data. Such a request might also come from malicious intruders that are requesting resubmission of data to get a copy. The kind of environmental changes that can be monitored in ADSs include, but are not limited to, processor and link failures, changes in communication patterns and frequency, changes in failure rates, and changed application requirements. Security metrics indicate the degree to which security goals such as data confidentiality are being met, they propose actions that should be taken to improve the overall security program, and identify the level of risks in not taking a given action and hence provide guidance in prioritizing the actions. They also indicate the effectiveness of various components of a security program. Developing effective security metrics programs has proven to be very challenging. A number of factors have contributed to this collecting the necessary data is difficult and there are no well-established and standardized guidelines. Swanson et al. (2003) identified elements that must be considered in defining effective security metrics, metrics must yield quantifiable information, supporting data must be readily obtainable, only repeatable processes should be considered for measurement, and metrics must enable tracking of performance. Voas et al. (1996) propose a security assessment methodology, called a daptive vulnerability analysis (AVA), which provides a relative measure of software security. The methodology is based on measurement of security weaknesses in terms of predetermined set of threats that are frequently encountered. The resulting metrics may vary with different set of threats and hence the methodology is called adaptive. Its major advantages include, among others, its ability to be customized to application-specific classes of intrusions and the fact that it measures dynamic run-time information. The fact that it is based on a predetermined set of threats is among the major limitations of AVA. Payne (2001) proposes a guideline that should be closely followed in the development a security metrics program. The guideline consists of several steps: clear definition of security goals and objective, decision about what metrics to generate and strategies for generating them; create action plan, and establish a formal program review cycle. Following this guidance enables us to clarify the why, what and how of developing security metrics. In the sequel, we focus on the metrics that should be generated to quantify the level of security threats that could be caused due to monitoring of a target system to achieve the level of adaptation necessary to maintain quality of services. ADAPTIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Distributed systems that can evolve their behaviors based on changes in their environments are known as Adaptive Distributed Systems (ADSs). Adaptation usually takes place on different sites in a distributed system and needs to be coordinated. Adaptive systems monitor and evaluate their environments and can adapt their own behaviors when there is a change in the environment. On the other hand, adaptive behavior is the field of science where the underlying mechanisms of adaptive behavior of animals, software agents, robots and other adaptive systems are investigated into. The results from adaptive behavior research are exploited for building artificially intelligent adaptive systems. In this case, we envision distributed systems within the context of artificially intelligent adaptive systems and we therefore believe that the research progress in adaptive behavior will affect the research in ADSs. That is, monitoring, change detection and behavior adaptation components of an adaptive distributed system will become more intelligent in time. An ADS better knows what is happening in its environment by detecting and evaluating the changes in the environments and adjusting their actions to the changes more intelligently. However, the more intelligent and adaptive a distributed system becomes through its monitoring and other components, the more risky it becomes that the intruders act more severely in a distributed environment if the monitoring component is overtaken by them. In the following paragraphs, we are giving a brief survey on ADSs. Leonhardt et al. (1998) indicate that security is an issue that appears where activity is being tracked, namely by the monitoring system they have proposed. For that reason, in this work, we look into the levels of knowledge a monitoring system might eventually have about its environment while becoming more adaptive, and whether the level of knowledge and the properties of the knowledge being monitored would cause any security issues compared to the distributed systems which are not adaptive. Russello et al. (2005) described how adaptation is done for dynamical replication for managing availability in a shared data space. The idea is that if replication is require d, the middleware should offer mechanisms that would allow the application developer to select from different replication policies that can be subsequently enforced at runtime. There is an adaptation subsystem where the environment conditions are monitored. It is detected when to switch to another replication policy automatically. The execution environment conditions which are monitored are cost of communication latency and bandwidth, especially when external monitoring subsystem is used. Silva et al. (2002) developed a generic framework for the construction of ADSs. The model is composed of three main packages. In the monitoring package, system specific parameters, such as processor utilization, in the various hosts of the distributed system are monitored. This package informs the event detection and notification package whenever values of such parameters change significantly. In addition to this, interceptors as used in the CORBA distributed system standards are inserted into the object invocation path. Each time a client invokes a method of an object, the message corresponding to this invocation is intercepted and later re-dispatched to the target object . Using interceptors, the system can extract useful information from each method invocation storing it in a log file for analysis by the event detection and notification package. On the other hand, dynamic configuration package, depending on the type of the event, executes the appropriate algorithm that defines actions that should be taken in order to adapt the application to the new environment condition. As stated in (Al-Shaer 1998), monitoring system can be used to detect and report security violations such as illegal logins or attempts of unauthorized access to files. On the contrary, we argue that if the monitoring subsystem is overtaken by an intruder, the monitoring system can also be used for causing security violations once an intruder has knowledge about login information and file authorizations to be able to report illegal logins and attempts of unauthorized access to resources.